Egyptian Math Essay -- History Mathematics Research Papers

Egyptian Math      The utilization of composed science in Egypt has been gone back to the third thousand years BC. Egyptian science was overwhelmed by number juggling, with an accentuation on estimation and computation in geometry. With their tremendous information on geometry, they had the option to effectively ascertain the territories of triangles, square shapes, and trapezoids and the volumes of figures, for example, blocks, chambers, and pyramids. They were likewise ready to construct the Great Pyramid with extraordinary exactness.      Early assessors found that the greatest blunder in fixing the length of the sides was just 0.63 of an inch, or under 1/14000 of the all out length. They likewise found that the blunder of the points at the corners to be just 12, or around 1/27000 of a correct edge (Smith 43).      Three hypotheses from arithmetic were found to have been utilized in building the Great Pyramid. The primary hypothesis expresses that four symmetrical triangles were put together to fabricate the pyramidal surface. The subsequent hypothesis expresses that the proportion of one of the sides to half of the tallness is the surmised estimation of P, or that the proportion of the border to the stature is 2P. It has been found that early pyramid developers may have considered that P rose to about 3.14. The third hypothesis expresses that the edge of height of the section prompting the chief chamber decides the scope of the pyramid, about 30o N, or that the entry itself focuses what exactly was then known as the shaft star (Smith 44). Antiquated Egyptian science depended on two extremely basic ideas. The principal idea was that the Egyptians had an intensive information on the twice-times table. The subsequent idea was that they had the capacity to discover 66% of any number (Gillings 3). This number could be either essential or fragmentary. The Egyptians utilized the part 2/3 utilized with entireties of unit portions (1/n) to communicate every single other division. Utilizing this framework, they had the option to take care of all issues of number juggling that included divisions, just as some basic issues in polynomial math (Berggren).      The study of science was additionally exceptional in Egypt in the fourth thousand years BC than it was anyplace else on the planet as of now. The Egyptian schedule was presented around 4241 BC. Their year comprised of a year of 30 days each with 5 celebration days toward the year's end. These celebration days were devoted t... ...alking about. On the off chance that they discovered some careful technique on the most proficient method to accomplish something, they never inquired as to why it worked. They never looked to build up its well known fact by a contention that would show unmistakably and coherently their points of view. Rather, what they did was clarify and characterize in an arranged grouping the means important to do it once more, and at the determination they included a check or confirmation that the means sketched out led to a right arrangement of the issue (Gillings 232-234). Possibly this is the reason the Egyptians had the option to find such huge numbers of numerical recipes. They never contended why something worked, they just trusted it did. Works Cited: Berggren, J. Lennart. Arithmetic. Computer Software. Microsoft, Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996. Disc ROM. Dauben, Joseph Warren and Berggren, J. Lennart. Variable based math. Computer Software. Microsoft, Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996. Compact disc ROM. Gillings, Richard J. Arithmetic in the Time of the Pharaohs. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1972. Smith, D. E. History of Mathematics. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1951. Weigel Jr., James. Bluff Notes on Mythology. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliffs Notes, Inc., 1991

Social Work for Gay free essay sample

Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the Math - OppLoans

Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the Math - OppLoans Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the Math Before Taking out a Bad Credit Loan, Make Sure You Do the MathFirst of all, you need to figure out how much this bad credit loan  really costs. Second, youll need to check whether or not you can afford the proposed payments.Bad credit loans can serve a very useful purpose in people’s lives. When you have a financial emergency and don’t have any savings to cover it, these products can help you keep your financial ship afloat.But that doesn’t mean that you should be taking out the first bad credit loan you see. Like with any other financial obligation, you need to do your research and find the product that works best for you.And with bad credit loans, that means doing some math.First, figure out the APR.Bad credit loans come with higher interest rates than standard personal loans. That’s unavoidable. Due to the increased risk of default, bad credit lenders have to charge higher rates than lenders that only work with good credit borrowers.But some lenders charge rates that are w ay higher than others. And if you’re not careful, you could end up with a much more expensive loan than you could otherwise qualify for.This is especially true with short-term bad credit loans like payday loans, cash advances, and title loans. These products are designed to be paid back in a matter of weeks, not a matter of years, and that can distort how much they actually cost compared to standard personal loans.In order to make an apples-to-apples comparison between different types of loans, it’s best if you look at their annual percentage rates, or APRS, instead of their stated interest charges. APR measure how much a loan will cost (including fees and interest) over the course of a full year.Here’s an example:A typical two-week payday loan comes with an interest rate of $15 per $100 borrowed. So if you were to borrow $300 with a loan, you would be paying back $345 on the loan’s due date, which would be set for 14 days in the future.A 15 percent interest rate doesn’t s ound too bad, right?But remember, that loan is charging you rate of 15 percent over only a two-week period! If you were to roll over or reborrow that loanâ€"something that it all too commonâ€"you would end up paying an additional 15 percent for those next two weeks.Let’s look at that payday loan’s APR. a 15 percent rate charged over 14 days comes out to an APR of … 391 percent! This gives you a better idea of how much costlier this loan is than a standard personal loan.As we said, bad credit loans are always going to more expensive than the kinds of loans offered to people with good or fair credit. But that still means you should be shopping around to find the least expensive loan available.Can you afford your payments?Of course, finding the loan that will cost you the least amount of money overall isn’t everything. Because while short-term no credit check loans like payday loans will cost more on paper than a bad credit installment loan, you could very well end up with a na sty surprise.Namely, you might find that you have trouble paying off your short-term loan on time, forcing you to roll it over and extend the due date (in return for more interest) or take out another loan immediately after you pay off the old one. Either way, your cost of borrowing starts to go up. And fast.It’s not like this is uncommon, either. One report from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that the average payday loan borrower took out 10 loans a year. A short-term solution? It sure doesn’t seem like one!So what gives?Well, the problem with many short-term loans has to do with their payment structures. Namely, it’s the fact that the loan is paid off in a single lump sum. As it turns out, this single balloon payment can be difficult for many borrowers to afford!Sure, the idea of getting yourself out of debt quick sounds appealing. But there’s a flipside: The quick turnaround for payday and title loans means little to time to save.With such a large amount o f money getting debited at once from your bank account, you might find yourself with another financial shortfall, with bills to pay and not enough money to cover them. All of a sudden, you’re right back where you started.Before taking out any bad credit loan. You need to take a long, hard look at your budget and your cash flow. If the proposed loan payment isn’t something you can afford, then this product is going to cause more problems than it solves.According to one study from the Pew Research Centers, well over 80 percent of payday loan borrowers didn’t have enough money in their monthly budgets to cover their loan payments. When that happens, you could easily find yourself stuck in a recurring (and expensive!) cycle of debt.Checking your ability to repay.One way to avoid this is to find a bad credit lender who checks whether or not you can afford your loan. That way, you are receiving an extra layer of protection against taking out a product you can’t afford.Checking you r ability to repay is different from checking your credit score. While hard credit checks show up on your credit report (and will likely ding your credit score), a soft credit check or income verification won’t get recorded and won’t affect your score.When you have bad credit, it’s all too easy to get taken advantage of by a predatory lender that doesn’t care whether or not you can afford your loan. But skipping out on “guaranteed approval” loans can help you avoid them.Before you click “I agree” on that online loan agreement, take some time and do the math. You won’t regret it. To learn more about how you can protect your financial future, check out  these other articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsSave More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousBuilding Your Financial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |Instagram

When Is The Last Time You Fought With Someone For Hours

When is the last time you fought with someone for hours and still did not get your way? You may have begged your teacher to let you hand in an assignment late, or tried to convince your parents to extend your curfew. You may have been disappointed when you failed to succeed in this, most likely because the lack of proper argumentation technique. Argumentation takes place all around the world in messages designed to influence other beliefs and behaviors. A rational argument adapts to the audience in an ethical manner, fulfills the requirements of presumption and burden of proof and effectively supports the claims while avoiding common fallacies. Audience analysis is one of the most important aspects of creating a respectable argument. Since†¦show more content†¦The audience plays a crucial part here, as they are active participants. It is important that all participants be knowledgeable, open minded, and respectful. Lastly, the logical perspective relies on the audience’s knowledge of logical patterns such as a cause- effect reasoning. The audience in this case, acts as disinterested and is more of a third-party judge (Rybacki 10). Regardless of perspective, the argumentation for the intended audience must abide by certain ethical standards. Argumentation is based around the conscious choices of what to say to influence the audience. â€Å"Advocates have an ethical responsibility not to deceive their audiences or other arguers by using obscure or ambiguous language, confusing patterns of organization, or ideas encumbered by nonessential information or ideas† (Rybacki 16). With this said, choosing clear and concrete language in an organized structure gives the arguer assurance that their message was not misinterpreted. Honesty is also extremely important in a successful argument, and the arguer should know their topic thoroughly to avoid false information. Moreover, stating the opposing viewpoints allows for a more effective and ethical discussion. Efficiency as an ethical standard gives the advocate the obligation to develop arguments that have the necessary rational power to make their point (Rybacki 17). KarynShow MoreRelatedBattle Of Little Bighorn : The Worst Defeat Of American History1314 Words   |  6 Pag esdefeat but the brave men who became patriots that fought for their country will forever be named for their devotion. Those men gave their lives to save future generations. The men that would give their lives for ours should be honored for their bravery. We are the people they fought to save and for that we owe them our approval. They started their journey with the march. The march on the river was long and unbarring for the brave men who fought to protect our country. On June 25, 1876 General GorgeRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Unhappy Family750 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferent. 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Social Media And Its Effect On Society Essay - 1799 Words

Change is a topic that everyone worries about. One of the biggest changes that our society has seen since the turn of the century has been the advancements in technology. It has brought us to a time where we can access any form of news from almost anywhere through smartphones and tablets. The access our society has to technology has impacted present day teens more than any other age group, causing an addiction to the resources available. Major social media corporations that have become available since the start of the twenty-first century have become the main cause of this addiction. Sites such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are some of the most popular programs that have lured teens to a virtual life. In a recent study done on teens’ internet usage, it was shown that ninety four percent of teens have Facebook accounts, and the numbers continue to grow for Instagram and Twitter (Kaiser). Teens have become chronic users of social media because of the comfort that is found. They feel more comfortable in the virtual environments because they can diminish their feelings of loneliness and have more interpersonal contact (Parks). However, this comfort has surpassed the safe limits, affecting teen’s mental states. Many teens turn to social networks for positive reasons, though there are many that use social media negatively. Just as it is an easier place for lonely teens to vent, it is also an easier place for harassment due to the belief that it is much harder to endureShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesSociety Crumbles into Smithereens One Post at a Time You are walking out of the new Star Wars movie, posting about how superb it was, when suddenly you are swooped up and thrown in the back of a vehicle. No one would have thought posting about how you were there earlier would provoke such a situation. After all, social networking is â€Å"safe† and â€Å"friendly.† Now, social media is defined as â€Å"A form of electric communication through which users create online communities to share information,† accordingRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1711 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence usually are not the first words you would expect to come to mind when thinking about the term â€Å"social media,† yet with a little digging you will soon realize it could be the perfect description. Social media can be defined as forms of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and other content. Most often social media is understood as a p ositive concept because of the ways it has allowed us to attain cheap and easilyRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn a broad sense, Social media refers to elements such as websites, television, blogs, IM, and other applications that enable users to create and share various forms of content such as messages, pictures, and information, or to be able to participate in social networking. Social media depends on web-based applications, which allow a high level of virtual interaction on various levels such as social, professional, and educational levels. Social media has had various contributions to the developmentRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of vast social media networks has improved our communications and interactions. These networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, are essential to how information is shared and criticized. 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There are many positive aspects, but there are equally as many dangers that come withRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1151 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media The Workplaces’ Largest Enemy Being employed means that an individual will in most cases have coworkers and bosses; the environment shared between the employees is known as the workplace. In the time before technology, people being fired from their jobs was not an unheard of situation. The difference now is people are being terminated from their jobs because of something they posted on social media. If this was not the case, it would set a precedent that posting inappropriate or hurtfulRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesIn our modern world, the use of social media is overwhelming and second nature due to the availability. 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Leadership Styles And How They Influence Social Work

Leadership Styles and How They Influence Social Work Curtis E. Mitchell Colombia College Hums 345: Working with Communities Organizations Abstract Acquiring positions of authority comes with the added responsibility of making sure you are correctly and competently communicating the ideals set forth by your agency. Social workers and helpers who are in leadership positions have to understand the many facets involved in leading and guiding people. Leadership styles are often affected by cultural differences, as well as age gaps, such as we see between baby boomers versus Generation X or Millennials. Breakdowns in understanding the dynamics behind verbal and non-verbal communications can also have a significant negative impact. Given the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Leadership is accomplished through communication – what a leader actually says and does in interaction† (Galanes Adams, 2013).. Modern society is continually changing, and leaders who are flexible, culturally sensitive, creative and display sound communication skills are crucial. Cultural Sensitivity Questions will often arise as to the effectiveness of varying leaderships styles and techniques used with differing cultures. Not all people will respond the same in certain circumstances, largely due to their cultural or ethnic sensitivities. â€Å"Evidence reflects that particular styles of and approaches to leadership may not be as successful with all cultural groups† (Aritz Walker, 2014). Leaders working with either groups or individuals face many challenges today. It’s highly likely that most groups will be made up of individuals from across many different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Leadership styles and techniques must be made inclusive of culturally sensitive issues and tendencies. Some people have been taught that being direct and straightforward is the most effective way to solve problems. Straight to the point with little or no deviations in order for all those involved to remain focused on the task at hand. While this may seem like a normal and most ef ficient approach for some, others may not be as comfortable and accepting. Some cultures mayShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership : John Burns1410 Words   |  6 Pagesof transformational leadership originated with the idea of â€Å"transforming leadership,† dubbed by leadership expert James Burns. Burns described transforming leadership as an interaction between leaders and followers so that they â€Å"raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wren, 1995, p. 101). Burns’s colleague, Bernard Bass, formulated the theory of transformational leadership based on Burns’s original idea. 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This influences the framework that leaders apply to an organisations environmental change. The framework sorts the issues facing leaders into 5 contexts, defined by the nature of the relationship between cause and effect

Social Injustices of Great Expectations free essay sample

After reading Charles Dickens’ work Great Expectations, one may agree with John H. Hagan Jr. , and his criticism The Poor Labyrinth: The Theme of Social Injustice in Dickenss Great Expectations that the theme of social injustice is prevalent throughout. The people of 19th century England were highly judgemental when it came to social classes, resulting in various occurrences of social injustices. Through the use of characterization and and a look into London’s 19th century penal system, Dickens reveals the recurring theme. The characters of Great Expectations displayed their personal opinions through dialogue and how they presented themselves. The people of higher classes in this book talked down upon people of the lower classes and thought less of them because of where they came from. However, these thoughts were not always true. â€Å"Though she called me â€Å"boy† so often and with a carelessness that was far from complimentary, she was of about my own age. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Injustices of Great Expectations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (page 43) Estella doesn’t care to know Pip’s name at first because she thinks she’s higher. Her position in society causes her to believe that a person from a lower class can’t be on the same level as her. Pip is actually capable of being on the same intellectual level as Estella and treats her with respect. â€Å"The result is that he too takes on societys vices, its selfishness, ingratitude, extravagance, and pride. He, too, becomes something of an impostor like Compeyson himself, and thereby follows in the fatal footsteps of the very man who is indirectly the cause of his future misery. †(Hagan) Once Pip gets caught in between the social classes, he begins to act differently and think the way the the snobby higher class did. His new position in society causes him to treat people differently. Instead of getting to know Pip, the Havishams quickly assumed that he was nothing less than a poor working boy, but when Pip gets a taste of the higher class life, his character changes from sweet, understanding Pip, to snobby Pip who is highly judgemental. The 19th Century penal system was very corrupt and unfair. People were mostly judged based on accusations or their appearances, rather than if they committed the crime or not. â€Å" he further corrupted a man named Magwitch who had already been injured by poverty, and revealed to him how easily the law may be twisted into an instrument of class. † Compeyson knew that the penal system was solely based on appearance and and class. He was good-looking and looked as if he were a gentleman. The judge gave Compeyson half the years that Magwitch received because Magwitch ‘looked dirty’ and ‘looked like a criminal’. The penal system was ran by people in the middle class who thought they were better than the criminals that came to trial. They ruled in favor of people like them instead of listening to the full story. John H Hagan Jr. ’s criticism clearly presents the idea that social injustice is the main theme of Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. After reading Great Expectations for themselves, readers may agree with Hagan’s opinion. The people in Great Expectations did indeed have various issues with social injustices and were focused more on class rather than character. The penal system of 19th Century England also judged based on what class a person was or what they looked like. One may personally think that the way some people were treated and thought of the Great Expectations was unruly and unnecessary.

Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici Research Paper Example

Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici Paper Michelangelos Tomb of Giuliano de Medici One of the most famous artists ever known since the 16th century is a man by the name of Michelangelo Buonarroti.He has composed art that is both breathtaking and unmatched in such skills as painting, sculpture, architecture and poetry.Some of his most famous works of sculpture that he composed are standing in the Medici Chapel in Florence, Italy even today.I would like to speak of a particular piece contained in the Chapel entitled Tomb of Giuliano de Medici.First I would like to say a few words concerning Michelangelos financial status for materials and his visions for the figure. According to the book entitled, Michelangelo: The Complete Sculpture, Painting, and Architecture;Michelangelo was an aristocratic artist working for the pope and had a nearly unlimited budget in the 1520s.Michelangelo also had a legendary ability to judge the quality of a block of marble; it was even said that he could see the figure imprisoned in it.(Pg.213)I think that this quote from author, William E. Wallace, shows a very interesting background in Michelangelos finances and genius.He had made numerous life-size statues with handpicked blocks of marble.Wallace also states that some experts believe Michelangelos financial backing helped contribute to the beauty of his work.I was not sure how to take that comment atfirst, but after looking at many of Michelangelos sculptures, I think the fact that he was particular about the quality of block which was used shows that he was a master that wanted to depict figures that were unequivocally beautiful, muscular, and harmonious. The Tomb of Giuliano de Medici is an example of Michelangelos mastery of both muscular figures as well as composition.The piece was worked on from 1519 through 1534.The piece contains three figures. The elevated central figure in the pie

Affirmative Action...Why essays

Affirmative Action...Why essays In the beginning of the 1960s minorities and women were treated as though they were sub-human. They were thrown in jail for no reason, given stereotypes by the majority, and cursed upon in the streets. An uprising began to occur called the Civil Rights Movement. They called for the fair treatment of all men regardless of race. In the following years, President Lyndon B. Johnson took steps to write what is to be known today as the Civil Rights Act of 1965. With this bill came affirmative action. Affirmative action enabled minority men and women to get jobs that they would otherwise never get. To Johnson, affirmative action grew from the belief that the Constitution guarantees more than just an end to illegal. The act tried to create a just method of obtaining jobs during the racial times of the 1960s and 70s. In 1965, President Johnson used the term affirmative action to inform federal contractors to treat job-applicants and employees without regards to their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (La Noue). In the preceding year the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed simply to make laws fair to all races, sexes, and religions; or color-blind. However, such a movement went further than merely giving equal opportunities to everyone. The United States took upon itself the responsibility to give opportunities to minorities by giving them favors such as: hiring, promotion, college admission, and the awarding of government contracts. Such policies did not express the true meaning of equal opportunities, which was introduced in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and provided for a means in which all people would receive equal treatment, but rather took its own steps into a form of discrimination. Affirmative action is hinder on Americas working world by taking away job opportunities form those peoples that are more qualified to hold that position. Imagine that you have just gra...

Article reviews for Theory and Practice of Mediation

Reviews for Theory and Practice of Mediation - Article Example But in this practice it is impossible to establish a dialogue between the clients. Finally solution focussed in brief in nature so waiting lists can be reduced. The main point of this reading was though a solution focussed model is a good way of solving the conflicts it suffers from a few drawbacks. An important strength of this piece of work is that it is well organised and it appears as if a thorough research has been done about the topic before writing and the writer has a complete knowledge and understanding about the topic he is writing about. A weakness of this article is it has failed in explaining properly the actual concept or the actual theory of solution focussed model. When the focus of the mediator is on ascertaining whether there is an underlying cause that has fueled the parties’ conflicts and the attempt to interest the parties in addressing it than it is called as a strategic style approach. Strategic style is the product of particular mediator characteristics and social circumstances. The characteristics of strategic style are – the attention to the latent causes is extremely pragmatic, the style is enacted in 3 discrete stages. Therefore it shares some similarities with variants of mediation with respect to these points – problem centered, pragmatic focus, emphasis on hidden dimensions of conflict and the notion that the mediator is the strategist who drives the problem solving process. The main point of this reading is that the strategic style focuses on the causes of conflict between the parties. An important strength of this piece of article is that it provides a comparative study between different methods and the va rious similarities and also the differences between them. An important weakness of this piece of article is that it does the ways in which this method will help in finding the causes or reasons of a particular conflict between the two parties. This theory is

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Essay Example Though HIV proved vulnerable to a variety of medicinal treatments in its initial stages, its ability to mutate at a phenomenal rate has allowed it to evade all of the drugs that have been created to combat it. HIV’s propensity to rapidly evolve has thus far prevented scientists from discovering an effectual vaccine. HIV evolves (mutates) into many various types of strains in the afflicted system, therefore, the body’s immune system is not able to locate or eradicate the entirety of the virus. This is the problem for the researchers, doctors and the patients. They are attempting to fight a microbial enemy that is constantly changing and adapting so as to remain resistant to any and all anti-viral medications. â€Å"The [HIV] virus, replicating billions of times a day, can acquire new mutations at lightning speed. Eventually, some of the genetic changes enable the virus to resist even the most powerful drugs. These drug-resistant viruses come to dominate the [cellular] population and threaten the patient’s life† (â€Å"Structured Treatment†, 2001). HIV has been estimated to have the ability to mutate more than 100 times per day in untreated individuals. As a result drug resistant virus cell mutations are well ahead of the particular drug therapy being offered (Shafer, 2004). HIV is difficult to treat because it evolves so rapidly, it outpaces the treatments. â€Å"When a patient begins taking an HIV drug, the drug keeps many of the viruses from reproducing, but some survive because they happen to have a certain level of resistance† (Zimmer, 2001). Because of HIV’s ability to evolve at such a massive pace, it quickly counters selective treatments. The HIV cells that survive the initial drug infusion multiply and their decedents carry the drug resistant strain. This is the reason that patient drug therapy includes what is commonly

Rationalism - Reason Essay Example for Free

Rationalism Reason Essay The debate about truth upon two schools of thought, rationalism and empiricism has existed for long time. Although, they have played important role as contemplated for answering the proposition, their view on obtaining truth, epistemology, and nature of knowledge is different. How do these different philosophies explain and prove the nature of reality will be clarified in this paper. My reflection as a writer also present in this paper upon the truth in my view. Rationalism is the process of reason, which a priori knowledge is the bases of human knowledge (Markie, 2013). The understanding’s priori forms become in human mind before any experience is conveyed to the human. It means that true phenomena can be known by the knower without the matter of experience. Rationalists share the vision that there is innate knowledge; they differ in the different objects of innate knowledge such as the ability to use language is innate (Markie, 2013). The remembering of perfect forms happens from when a human is born and it is the source of knowledge. For the rationalism, the mind, it can be compared with a computer which the hardware already has some functions before the software is loaded onto it. By the way, some functions mean the innate idea and the software relate to experiences or specific knowledge. However, the mind’s perception was a lie and the influence of reason, lacking of the sense was the only way to disruption through the lies. This philosophy disagrees with the sense because they cause of false realities. For the rationalists, it can be stated that when something became true, a reason that why it is true always illustrate. The Empiricism represent that a posteriori knowledge is origin of the theory of knowledge. It means that there is no thing as innate knowledge but knowledge is developed from  experience. When a human was born, there is no content or there are no ideas in the mind but when human learn or experience things, it is being written on. This experience achieves through sensed via the five senses (Abbott, 1977) and including reasoned via mind or brain. To gain an understanding and knowledge in the world, the past experiences are compulsory because a priori knowledge cannot be used to describe the worldly- mind phenomenon. To justify anything is true or false; it depends on what human experiences here and now, or can remember. All human knowledge goes beyond what is present to their senses or memory. The ways to understand the world, all ideas come from experience which is divided in term of simple and complex ideas (Markie, 2013). For example, the whiteness of a flower, the taste of salt, the smell of tea, the sensation of coldness or the sound of guitar are represented as the simple ideas. Thereafter, complex ideas are formed to understand the truth of phenomenon by using those ideas as the basic for reflecting, linking and comparing. An example, when human has the simple ideas about a balance and pleasure they can compound and involving to the idea of beauty as the complex idea. In other words, anything human knows that is not true by definition, every fact, human must learn and test through their senses. For example, human believes that there is an angel or there is a soul is not true by definition but they based on sense experience in each individual. However, sometime empiricists accept that some proposition could be the innate ideas which are true by the definition of term and independent of experience (Markie, 2013). External world truths can and must be known a priori, that some of the ideas required for that knowledge are and must be innate (Glanzberg, 2014) and that this knowledge is superior to  any that experience could ever provide. The full-fledged empiricist about our knowledge of the external world replies that, when it comes to the nature of the world beyond our own minds, experience is our sole source of information. Thus, I support the idea of empiricism that truth can be obtained from our own experience through five senses. I also not agree that all priori knowledge can be absolute truth. For example, we intuit that a person who loses their coule might experience grief. This cannot be warranted in all situations. A person who had bad feeling  toward their couple, being abuse, might not be grief to lose him /her partner. It needs a particular causal condition. We will know that it is true or not until we experience it by observing through our senses. As a scientist, scholar and nurse, I could not rely on knowledge without proper explanation. Reason is a form of relation of information in our own idea. Priori also lets somebody lack of skeptical because they were taught to believe in some phenomenon without doubt. Furthermore, empiricism, it proves a theory because empiricism is the assertion that only real knowledge is empirical. We can learn from experience and observation. The best way to know something is to have seen it with our own eyes and to be able to demonstrate it with repeatable observation or experiments. In fact someone interested in gathering knowledge in a scientific mode of thought, he can come up with ideas for observation and experiments to answer his questions. An example of this is if nurses represent the exercise is most effective in older adult with osteoarthritis, they could pursued those older people to learn and train to exercise and evaluate the effective of exercise. Meanwhile, empiricism gives experimental reasoning which as well as observation and past experiences are the sources of knowledge. It is not unconditionally and concretely true in experimental reasoning depending on cause and effect. This can be said that all things can be revised when we doubt or require the answer. However, it is also important to note that both the rationalism and empiricism are not suitable to be a good source of knowledge in all situations. It depends on view of individual to select to be way of knowing in specific situation. For example, each religion has its god;sometimes we could not doubt whereas, some phenomena can be experienced and observed by using our five senses. References Abbott, E. A. (1977). Flatland: A romance of many dimensions. Trade Publication. Glanzberg, M. (2014). Truth. In E. N. Zalta (Ed. ), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2014 ed. ). Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/fall2014/entries/truth/ Markie, P. (2013). Rationalism vs. Empiricism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed. ), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 ed. ). Retrieved from http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/sum2013/entries/rationalism-empiricism/.

Grendel :: essays research papers

Authors often have to choose between concentrating on either plot or social commentary when writing their novels; in John Gardener's Grendel, any notion of a plot is forgone in order for him to share his thoughts about late sixties-early seventies America and the world's institutions as a whole. While Grendel's exploits are nearly indecipherable and yawn inducing, they do provide the reader with the strong opinions the author carries. This existentialistic novel can be seen clearly as a narrative supporting nihilism in its many forms. Most easily, the reader will be able to see the blatant religious subtext in the guise of corrupt priests and the foolish faithful. There is also some negativity placed on the notion of the old being the wise. Gardener deems hero idolization unacceptable as well; knowledge that the Vietnam War was prevalent at the time gives additional insight into his complaints. Religion plays a large role in Grendel. Priests do not want to perform their services without the proper payment which, in turn, causes the rich to be able to become the most 'religious.' The citizens of the village are also confusingly poly- and monotheistic. When praying to their king god does not decrease the frequency of Grendel's visits, they retreat to begging any god of which they have known for help. This reveals their faith to be not faith at all but rather faith that will remain faith as long as it can be proven. A proven religious faith is contradictory term, for it can only be placed in a religion that cannot be proven lest it is true faith no longer. Grendel's interludes with the dragon portray, at their onsets, the dragon as a worldly, wise creature with much to share. The dragon haughtily informs Grendel about his vast store of knowledge as he teases him with how much he knows. As Grendel's interests are piqued, the dragon expends the cumulative result of his travails: "Know how much you've got, and beware of strangers†¦My advice to you, my violent friend, is to seek out gold and sit on it." Although the dragon serves as a vessel to point out the necessity of Grendel and makes some pointed observations about mankind, all his respectability is lost with those two short sentences. The author is making an observation about materialism and the falsehood of wisdom always accompanying age. After all his years of intense scrutiny, the dragon can only grasp from human- and animalkind alike that possessions are the key to life's existence. Nature against society is also discussed in Grendel. The fact that citizens surrounded with religion and social status could be so easily overtaken by nature (Grendel) gives a sense of

Operations Management – Chapter 12

1. MRP works best if the inventory items have dependent demand.TrueFalseTRUE MRP is best for dependent demand scenarios. 2. Low level coding represents items less than $18 per unit.TrueFalseFALSE Low-level coding codes items at their lowest BOM levels. 3. Independent demand tends to be more ‘lumpy' than dependent demand meaning that we need large quantities followed by periods of no demand.TrueFalseFALSE Dependent demand is more lumpy. 4. Lumpy demand for components results primarily from the periodic scheduling of batch production.TrueFalseTRUE Batch production leads to lumpy demand for components. 5. MRP is used within most MRP II and ERP systems.TrueFalseTRUE MRP II and ERP systems incorporate MRP. 6. The master production schedule states which end items are to be produced, in addition to when and how many.TrueFalseTRUE These are critical inputs into MRP. 7. Net requirements equal gross requirements minus safety stock.TrueFalseFALSE If safety stock is required, net requirements will be higher. 8. The master schedule needs to be for a period long enough to cover the stacked or cumulative lead time necessary to produce the end items.TrueFalseTRUE This ensures that materials plans can be adequately formulated. 9. Initially, a master production schedule – the output from MRP – may not represent a feasible schedule.TrueFalseTRUE Management must make more detailed capacity requirements planning to determine whether these more specific capacity requirements can be met and some adjustments in the master production schedule may be required. 10. MRP, considering inventory position, bills of material, open purchase orders and lead times guarantees a feasible production plan if the inputs to MRP are accurate.TrueFalseFALSE MRP may lead to an infeasible production plan if capacity requirements are not considered. 11. The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce the quantities on a given master production schedule.TrueFalseFALSE The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce one unit of the item in question. 12. A bill of materials contains a listing of all the assemblies, parts, and materials needed to produce one unit of an end item.TrueFalseTRUE The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce one unit of the item in question. 13. The bill of materials contains information on lead times and current inventory position on every component required to produce the end item.TrueFalseFALSE Inventory records contain this information. 14. The inventory records contain information on the status of each item by time period.TrueFalseTRUE Inventory records also contain information on lead times and current inventory position. 15. An assembly-time chart indicates gross and net requirements taking into account the current available inventory.TrueFalseFALSE Assembly-time charts have to do with capacity, not inventory. 16. MRP II did not replace or improve the basic MRP.TrueFalseTRUE MRP II incorporates basic MRP. 17. The gross requirements at one level of an MRP plan determine the gross requirements at the next lower level continuing on down to the lowest levels shown on the bill of material.TrueFalseFALSE Released order quantities at one level determine gross requirements at the next lower level. 18.   The gross requirements value for any given component is equal to the net requirements of that component's immediate parent multiplied by the quantity per parent.TrueFalseFALSE Released order quantities for the parent lead to gross requirements of the child. 19. The term pegging refers to identifying the parent items that have generated a given set of material requirements for a part or subassembly.TrueFalseTRUE Pegging ties items to their parents. 20.   A net-change MRP system is one that is updated periodically but not less frequently than once a week.TrueFalseFALSE A net-change system is updated as transactions occur. 21. One reason that accurate bills of material are important is that errors at one level become magnified at lower levels because of the multiplication process used by MRP.TrueFalseTRUE Small higher-level errors can be magnified into larger lower-level errors. 22.   A regenerative MRP system is one that is updated continuously – every time there is a schedule change.TrueFalseFALSE Regenerative systems are updated periodically. 23. One of the primary output reports of MRP concerns changes to planned orders.TrueFalseTRUE Changes to planned orders can be outputs from MRP systems. 24.   Safety time is sometimes used in MRP rather than safety stock quantities.TrueFalseTRUE Safety time is a substitute for safety stock. 25.   Lot-for-lot ordering in MRP provides coverage for some predetermined number of periods using forecasted demand to extend beyond the orders already received for those periods.TrueFalseFALSE This is fixed-period ordering. 26.   MRP output reports are divided into two main groups – daily and weekly.TrueFalseFALSE The two groups are primary and secondary. 27. In MRP, EOQ models tend to be less useful for materials at the lowest levels than for upper level assemblies of the bill of materials since higher-level assemblies have larger dollar investments.TrueFalseFALSE EOQ is more useful at lower levels since lower-level items often have less lumpy demand. 28.   Load reports show capacity requirements for departments or work centers which may be more or less than the capacity available in that work center.TrueFalseTRUE Load reports facilitate the formulation of feasible production schedules. 29. ERP began in manufacturing organizations but has spread into service organizations.TrueFalseTRUE Over time ERP has spread into a wide variety of organizations. 30.   MRP II is simply an improved version of MRP that processes faster and can plan for a larger number of end items.TrueFalseFALSE MRP II takes into account capacity requirements. 31. Lot-for-lot ordering in MRP eliminates the holding costs for parts that are carried over to other periods.TrueFalseTRUE Lot-for-lot ordering minimizes holding costs. 32. Capacity requirements planning (CRP) is an important feature in MRP+.TrueFalseFALSE CRP is a feature of MRP II. 33. Project Management approaches can help in a conversion to an ERP system.TrueFalseTRUE ERP conversions can be complex projects. 34.   As long as a forecast is plus or minus 10%, MRP works well.TrueFalseFALSE MRP needs accurate forecasts. 35. ERP represents an expanded effort to integrate standardized record-keeping that shares information among different areas of an organization.TrueFalseTRUE ERP is intended to facilitate consistent decision-making across the organization. 36. Back flushing takes place after the production has been completed.TrueFalseTRUE Records are updated based on end-item production. 37. Before a schedule receipt can take place, and order must be placed with a vendor.TrueFalseTRUE A scheduled receipt is an order that has already been placed. 38. MRP really doesn't apply to services since raw material isn't required.TrueFalseFALSE MRP can be used in services. 39. ERP implementation requires support and a direct mandate from the CEO because it impacts so many different functional areas.TrueFalseTRUE ERP implementation is an organization-wide initiative. 40. ERP automates the tasks involved in performing a business process, such as order fulfillment and financial reporting.TrueFalseTRUE ERP extends beyond purchasing and materials management. 41. Which of the following most closely describes dependent demand?A. demand generated by suppliersB. estimates of demand using regression analysis of independent variablesC. erived demandD. demands placed on suppliers by their customersE. net material requirementsC 42. ERP implementation probably won't require:A. cross functional teamsB. just a few weeks to installC. intensive trainingD. high funding for both initial cost and maintenanceE. frequent upgrades after installationB 43. A computer-based information system designed to handle ordering and scheduling of dependent-demand inventories is:A. computer aided manufacturing (CAM)B. computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)C. economic order quantity (EOQ)D. material requirements planning (MRP)E. conomic run size (ERS)D 44. The development and application of MRP depended upon two developments: (1) the recognition of the difference between independent and dependent demand, and (2):A. computersB. development of the EOQ modelC. inventory control systemsD. blanket purchase ordersE. the internetA 45. The output of MRP is:A. gross requirementsB. net requirementsC. a schedule of requirements for all parts and end itemsD. inventory reorder pointsE. economic order quantities and reorder pointsC 46. Which one of the following is not an input in an MRP system?A. planned-order schedulesB. bill of materialsC. master production scheduleD. inventory recordsE. All are inputs.A 47. The MRP input stating which end items are to be produced, when they are needed, and what quantities are needed, is the:A. master scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartA 48. In an MRP master schedule, the planning horizon is often separated into a series of times periods called:A. peggingB. lead timesC. stacked lead timesD. time bucketsE. firm, fixed and frozenD 49. The MRP input listing the assemblies, subassemblies, parts, and raw aterials needed to produce one unit of finished product is the:A. master production scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartB 50. A visual depiction of the subassemblies and components that are needed to produce and/or assemble a product is called a(n):A. assembly time chartB. product structure treeC. MRP IID. peggingE. Gantt chartB 51. The MRP input storing information on the status of each item by time period (e. g. , scheduled receipts, lead time, lot size) is the:A. master production scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartC 52. Which one of the following most closely describes net material requirements?A. gross requirements – amount on-hand – scheduled receiptsB. gross requirements – planned receiptsC. gross requirements – order releases + amount on-handD. gross requirements – planned order releasesE. gross requirements – amount on-hand + planned order releasesA 53. In MRP, â€Å"scheduled receipts† are:A. identical to â€Å"planned-order receipts†B. identical to â€Å"planned-order releases†C. open orders (that is, ordered before the first time bucket, but not delivered yet)D. net requirements†E. available to promise inventoryC 54. In MRP, under lot-for-lot ordering, â€Å"planned-order receipts† are:A. identical to â€Å"scheduled receipts†B. identical to â€Å"planned-order releases†C. open orders (that is, ordered before the first time bucket, but not delivered yet)D. â€Å"gross requirements†E. available to promise inventoryB 55. Under lot-for-lot, order sizes for component parts are essentially determined directly from which one of the following?A. gross requirementsB. net requirementsC. economic order quantityD. gross requirements – net requirementsE. net requirements – amount on-handB 56. In MRP, the gross requirements of a given component part are calculated from:A. net requirements + amount on-hand.B. gross requirements of the immediate parent.C. planned orders of the end item.D. net requirements of end item.E. planned orders of the immediate parent.E 57. The identification of parent items is called:A. PaternityB. PeggingC. Requirement I. D.D. Relationship trackingE. Master SchedulingB 58. Periodic updating of an MRP system to account for all changes which have occurred within a given time interval is called:A. peggingB. planned order releaseC. et changeD. regenerativeE. exception reportD 59. An MRP system whose records are updated continuously is referred to as a(n):A. regenerative systemB. batch-type systemC. Plossl-Wright systemD. net-change systemE. gross-change systemD 60. Which is true of a net-change system?A. It is a batch-type system which is updated periodically.B. It is usually run at the beginning of each month.C. The basic production plan is modified to reflect changes as they occur.D. It is used to authorize the execution of planned orders.E. It indicates the amount and timing of future changes.C 61. Which one of the following most closely describes the MRP approach that is used for components or subassemblies to compensate for variations in lead time?A. peggingB. safety stockC. increased order sizesD. safety timeE. low-level codingD 62.   Which of the following lot sizing methods does not attempt to balance ordering (or setup) and holding costs?A. economic order quantityB. economic run sizeC. lot-for-lotD. part-periodE. all of the aboveC 63.   When MRP II systems include feedback, they are known as:A. MRPIIIB. Enterprise resource planningC. Circular MRPD. Feasible MRPE. Closed Loop MRPE 64. The multiplication process used by MRP to determine lower level requirements is called:A. time-phasingB. peggingC. nettingD. projectingE. explodingE 65.   _______ is choosing how many to order or make.A. Quantity determinationB. Package sizingC. Lot sizingD. GroupingE. AggregationC 66.   Which of the following is not usually necessary in order to have an effective MRP system?A. a computer and softwareB. an accurate bill of materialsC. lot-for-lot orderingD. an up-to-date master scheduleE. integrity of file dataC 67. The _________ of ERP makes it valuable as a strategic planning tool.A. Internet baseB. Rapid Batch capabilityC. Employee focusD. Real-time aspectE. Database structureD 68.   A recent effort to expand the scope of production resource planning by involving other functional areas in the planning process has been:A. material requirements planningB. capacity requirements planningC. manufacturing resources planningD. Just-In-Time planningE. multifunctional relationships planningC 69. Which statement concerning MRP II is false?A. It is basically a computerized system.B. It can handle complex planning and scheduling quickly.C. It involves other functional areas in the production planning process.D. It involves capacity planning.E. It produces a production plan which includes all resources required.E 70. Which of these items would be most likely to have dependent demand?A. Xbox batteriesB. toy trainsC. flowersD. chocolate chip cookiesE. wrist watchesA 71. Which of these products would be most likely to have dependent demand?A. refrigeratorsB. automobile enginesC. televisionsD. browniesE. automobilesB 72. Using the product tree shown, determine the following: SEE IMAGE (A) the quantity of component K that will be needed to assemble 80 units of P, assuming no on-hand inventory of any components exists. B) the quantity of component K needed to assemble 80 units of P, given on-hand inventory of 30 A's, 50 B's and 20 C's. A) [3 Ks per C x 2 Cs per A x 2 As per P] + [2 Ks per B x 5 Bs per P] + [3 Ks per C x 3 Cs per P] = 31 Ks per P. For 80 Ps, a total of 2,480 Ks will be needed. B) With 30 As, 50 Bs and 20 Cs on-hand, K requirements are: [3 Ks per C x 2 Cs per A x (2 As per P – 30 As)] + [2 Ks per B x (5 Bs per P – 50 Bs)] + [3 Ks per C x (3 Cs per P – 20 Cs)]; for 80 Ps, a total of 2,140 Ks will be needed. Feedback: Explode the bill of material. 73. The following is a list of components required to produce one unit of nd item P: P: 2 A's, 3 B's, 3 C's A: 5 M's, 2 R's B: 1 D, 3 N's. C: 1 T, 4 N's M: 1 N Determine the number of N's that will be needed to make 60 P's in each of these cases: (A) There are currently 10 P's on hand. (B) On-hand inventory consists of 15 P's, 10A's, 20 B's, 10 C's, 100 N's, 300 T's, and 200 M's. A) [1 N per M x 5 M per A x 2 A per P] + [3 N per B x 3 B per P] + [4 N per C x 3 C per P] = 31 N per P. For 60 P, N requirements are: [31 N per P x (60 P – 10 OH)] = 1,500 N. B) A total of 945 Ns will be needed. Feedback: Explode the bill of material. 74. Given the following information, construct a product tree diagram and develop a material requirements plan that will lead to 400 units of product P being available at the start of week 7. SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE Feedback: Items C and D must be planned last. 75. Develop a material requirements plan for end item P and its components, given the tree below. Assume that all lead times are one week, and that lot-for-lot ordering is used except for item F, which is ordered in multiples of 400 units. One hundred units of P should be available at the start of week 4 and at the start of week 8. Beginning inventories are: 20 P, 100 A, and 200 F. Scheduled receipts are: 800 F at the start of week 1. SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE All items have zero balances except F, which carries 240 units forward from period 5. Feedback: Item F must be planned last. 76. Given the following data, construct a material requirements plan which will result in 100 units of Parent #1 (P1) at the beginning of week 6, and 200 units of Parent #2 (P2) at the beginning of week 8: SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE Item A has an on-hand balance of 70 units after week 7, Item B has an on-hand balance of 150 units after week 7, and Item C has an on-hand balance of 1,500 units after week 4. Feedback: C's gross requirements come from planned releases for A and B. 77. End item Alpha's product structure tree and inventory information are as follows: SEE IMAGE (A) If 50 units of Alpha are to be assembled, how many additional units of S will be needed? All parts can be ordered using lot-for-lot ordering, except M, which must be ordered in multiples of 40 units. [Hint: You don't need to do an MRP plan. ] (B) An order for 100 units of Alpha is scheduled to be shipped at the start of week 9. When is the earliest that any particular component must be started so that the order for Alpha will be ready to ship? Hint: You don't need to do an MRP plan. ] A) Gross requirements for S are 200 units, leading to net requirements for S of 100 units. B) Additional units of W will have to be started at the beginning of week 1. Feedback: If 50 units of Alpha are to be assembled, then gross requirements for K will be 50 and gross requirements for M will be 100. Net requirements for K will be 20 and net requirements for M will be 70. K is ordered lot-for-lot, so its net requirements lead to gross requirements for S of 40 units. M is ordered in multiples of 40, so its order quantity of 80 units will lead to gross requirements for S of 160 units. The longest sum of lead times is 8 (Alpha's 2 weeks + H's 4 weeks + W's 2 weeks). This means that additional units of W will have to be started at the beginning of week 1. 78. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE If 17 Ps are needed, and no on-hand inventory exists for any items, how many Cs will be needed?A. 8B. 16C. 136D. 204E. 272E 79. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE If 17 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 10 As, 15 Bs, 20 Cs, 12 Ms, and 5 Ns, how many Cs are needed?A. 48B. 144C. 192D. 212E. 272C 80. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE. If 40 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 15 Ps and 10 each of all other components and subassemblies, how many Cs are needed?A. 340B. 350C. 380D. 400E. 590B 81. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. What is the net requirement for Dark Chocolate Truffles to fill this order?A. 100B. 140C. 150D. 180E. 200C 82. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. When should an order for Carved Chocolate Eggs be released?A. t the start of week 2B. at the start of week 3C. at the start of week 4D. at the start of week 5E. at the start of week 6A 83. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. How many Dark Chocolate Eggs should be ordered?A. 310B. 450C. 500D. 550E. 600A 84. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. If the firm is using a fixed period lot size of two periods, what is the order size for the first order?A. 120B. 200C. 280D. 160E. 150B 85. Which of the following represents an attempt to balance the benefits of stability against the benefits of responding to new information?A. safety stockB. safety timeC. bills of materialD. time fencesE. fixed-period lot sizingD 86. Comparing known and expected capacity requirements with projected capacity availability is the job of _______.A. planned releasesB. load reportsC. lot sizingD. work loadingE. time fencingB 87.   ERP's primary value comes from applications ________.A. deploymentB. developmentC. interfacesD. integrationE. networkingD 88.  Net requirements for component J are as follows: 60 units in week 2, 40 units in week 3, and 60 units in week 5. If a fixed-period, two-period lot-sizing method is used, what will be the quantity of the first planned receipt?A. 60 unitsB. 120 unitsC. 180 unitsD. Cannot be determinedE. None of the aboveE 89. Net requirements for component J are as follows: 60 units in week 2, 40 units in week 3, and 60 units in week 5. If a fixed-period, three-period lot-sizing method is used, what will be the quantity of the first planned receipt?A. 60B. 100C. 160D. Cannot be determinedE. None of the aboveB

Essay on How Challenging Is the Common Core Standards for...

The purpose of this study was to determine how challenging the common core standard really is for our students by using lexiles to determine its complexity. They added the intra- lexiles which is the mean sentence length (msl) and the mean log word frequency (mlwf) to determine exactly how difficult it may be. Lexiles is a readability formula that was designed electronically to calculate a student’s MSL and MLWF. Using this formula they was able to make an assumption that if a student uses short sentences and simple words they do not understand the material. Where as if a student who writes longer sentences and uses bigger words understands the material very well. Students MSL and MLWF was then added on a scale ranging from 0 to 2000, with†¦show more content†¦Even though Elfrieda Hiebert didn’t specifically state how she analysize her information you can easily say that she used the analysis of variance route. In her study, she used a certain procedure that added two components to the lexiles for each grade level and was able to give a broader scale of difficulty on the text and she compared it to the scale that was already used by the CCSS to show that there is a significant difference in level of difficulty when you factor in all components. After reading her study, I find myself wanting to research more on how the CCSS is grading our students on a scale that doesn’t factor in all the components and sticking them on a scale that is only predetermined by assumption. To assume that a student doesn’t understand the material simply because they wrote a short sentence baffles me. I also disagree with the fact that the CCSS/ ELA do not allow any room for error. With no room for error they are expecting students to be on point in regards to being at a certain level at a certain time. My understanding of this allows me to believe the way the complexity is determined can allow for numerous of failures because no child learns at the same and is on the same level at a given time. If the CCSS is basically grading on the level of assumptions for the ELA are they doing the same for the mathematics? I agree with having the common coreShow MoreRelatedThe Common Core State Standards Asking Too Much Of Elementary Children?1080 Words   |  5 PagesAre the Common Core State Standards Asking Too Much of Elementary Children? When many people think of elementary education, they think of reading small passages and learning the difference between addition and subtraction in easy, creative ways. Now, with the new Common Core State Standards implemented, today’s kids will have more things to worry about. They are asked more challenging questions and expected to have more rigorous answers. 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