Grendel :: essays research papers

Authors often have to choose between concentrating on either plot or social commentary when writing their novels; in John Gardener's Grendel, any notion of a plot is forgone in order for him to share his thoughts about late sixties-early seventies America and the world's institutions as a whole. While Grendel's exploits are nearly indecipherable and yawn inducing, they do provide the reader with the strong opinions the author carries. This existentialistic novel can be seen clearly as a narrative supporting nihilism in its many forms. Most easily, the reader will be able to see the blatant religious subtext in the guise of corrupt priests and the foolish faithful. There is also some negativity placed on the notion of the old being the wise. Gardener deems hero idolization unacceptable as well; knowledge that the Vietnam War was prevalent at the time gives additional insight into his complaints. Religion plays a large role in Grendel. Priests do not want to perform their services without the proper payment which, in turn, causes the rich to be able to become the most 'religious.' The citizens of the village are also confusingly poly- and monotheistic. When praying to their king god does not decrease the frequency of Grendel's visits, they retreat to begging any god of which they have known for help. This reveals their faith to be not faith at all but rather faith that will remain faith as long as it can be proven. A proven religious faith is contradictory term, for it can only be placed in a religion that cannot be proven lest it is true faith no longer. Grendel's interludes with the dragon portray, at their onsets, the dragon as a worldly, wise creature with much to share. The dragon haughtily informs Grendel about his vast store of knowledge as he teases him with how much he knows. As Grendel's interests are piqued, the dragon expends the cumulative result of his travails: "Know how much you've got, and beware of strangers†¦My advice to you, my violent friend, is to seek out gold and sit on it." Although the dragon serves as a vessel to point out the necessity of Grendel and makes some pointed observations about mankind, all his respectability is lost with those two short sentences. The author is making an observation about materialism and the falsehood of wisdom always accompanying age. After all his years of intense scrutiny, the dragon can only grasp from human- and animalkind alike that possessions are the key to life's existence. Nature against society is also discussed in Grendel. The fact that citizens surrounded with religion and social status could be so easily overtaken by nature (Grendel) gives a sense of

Operations Management – Chapter 12

1. MRP works best if the inventory items have dependent demand.TrueFalseTRUE MRP is best for dependent demand scenarios. 2. Low level coding represents items less than $18 per unit.TrueFalseFALSE Low-level coding codes items at their lowest BOM levels. 3. Independent demand tends to be more ‘lumpy' than dependent demand meaning that we need large quantities followed by periods of no demand.TrueFalseFALSE Dependent demand is more lumpy. 4. Lumpy demand for components results primarily from the periodic scheduling of batch production.TrueFalseTRUE Batch production leads to lumpy demand for components. 5. MRP is used within most MRP II and ERP systems.TrueFalseTRUE MRP II and ERP systems incorporate MRP. 6. The master production schedule states which end items are to be produced, in addition to when and how many.TrueFalseTRUE These are critical inputs into MRP. 7. Net requirements equal gross requirements minus safety stock.TrueFalseFALSE If safety stock is required, net requirements will be higher. 8. The master schedule needs to be for a period long enough to cover the stacked or cumulative lead time necessary to produce the end items.TrueFalseTRUE This ensures that materials plans can be adequately formulated. 9. Initially, a master production schedule – the output from MRP – may not represent a feasible schedule.TrueFalseTRUE Management must make more detailed capacity requirements planning to determine whether these more specific capacity requirements can be met and some adjustments in the master production schedule may be required. 10. MRP, considering inventory position, bills of material, open purchase orders and lead times guarantees a feasible production plan if the inputs to MRP are accurate.TrueFalseFALSE MRP may lead to an infeasible production plan if capacity requirements are not considered. 11. The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce the quantities on a given master production schedule.TrueFalseFALSE The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce one unit of the item in question. 12. A bill of materials contains a listing of all the assemblies, parts, and materials needed to produce one unit of an end item.TrueFalseTRUE The bill of materials indicates how much material will be needed to produce one unit of the item in question. 13. The bill of materials contains information on lead times and current inventory position on every component required to produce the end item.TrueFalseFALSE Inventory records contain this information. 14. The inventory records contain information on the status of each item by time period.TrueFalseTRUE Inventory records also contain information on lead times and current inventory position. 15. An assembly-time chart indicates gross and net requirements taking into account the current available inventory.TrueFalseFALSE Assembly-time charts have to do with capacity, not inventory. 16. MRP II did not replace or improve the basic MRP.TrueFalseTRUE MRP II incorporates basic MRP. 17. The gross requirements at one level of an MRP plan determine the gross requirements at the next lower level continuing on down to the lowest levels shown on the bill of material.TrueFalseFALSE Released order quantities at one level determine gross requirements at the next lower level. 18.   The gross requirements value for any given component is equal to the net requirements of that component's immediate parent multiplied by the quantity per parent.TrueFalseFALSE Released order quantities for the parent lead to gross requirements of the child. 19. The term pegging refers to identifying the parent items that have generated a given set of material requirements for a part or subassembly.TrueFalseTRUE Pegging ties items to their parents. 20.   A net-change MRP system is one that is updated periodically but not less frequently than once a week.TrueFalseFALSE A net-change system is updated as transactions occur. 21. One reason that accurate bills of material are important is that errors at one level become magnified at lower levels because of the multiplication process used by MRP.TrueFalseTRUE Small higher-level errors can be magnified into larger lower-level errors. 22.   A regenerative MRP system is one that is updated continuously – every time there is a schedule change.TrueFalseFALSE Regenerative systems are updated periodically. 23. One of the primary output reports of MRP concerns changes to planned orders.TrueFalseTRUE Changes to planned orders can be outputs from MRP systems. 24.   Safety time is sometimes used in MRP rather than safety stock quantities.TrueFalseTRUE Safety time is a substitute for safety stock. 25.   Lot-for-lot ordering in MRP provides coverage for some predetermined number of periods using forecasted demand to extend beyond the orders already received for those periods.TrueFalseFALSE This is fixed-period ordering. 26.   MRP output reports are divided into two main groups – daily and weekly.TrueFalseFALSE The two groups are primary and secondary. 27. In MRP, EOQ models tend to be less useful for materials at the lowest levels than for upper level assemblies of the bill of materials since higher-level assemblies have larger dollar investments.TrueFalseFALSE EOQ is more useful at lower levels since lower-level items often have less lumpy demand. 28.   Load reports show capacity requirements for departments or work centers which may be more or less than the capacity available in that work center.TrueFalseTRUE Load reports facilitate the formulation of feasible production schedules. 29. ERP began in manufacturing organizations but has spread into service organizations.TrueFalseTRUE Over time ERP has spread into a wide variety of organizations. 30.   MRP II is simply an improved version of MRP that processes faster and can plan for a larger number of end items.TrueFalseFALSE MRP II takes into account capacity requirements. 31. Lot-for-lot ordering in MRP eliminates the holding costs for parts that are carried over to other periods.TrueFalseTRUE Lot-for-lot ordering minimizes holding costs. 32. Capacity requirements planning (CRP) is an important feature in MRP+.TrueFalseFALSE CRP is a feature of MRP II. 33. Project Management approaches can help in a conversion to an ERP system.TrueFalseTRUE ERP conversions can be complex projects. 34.   As long as a forecast is plus or minus 10%, MRP works well.TrueFalseFALSE MRP needs accurate forecasts. 35. ERP represents an expanded effort to integrate standardized record-keeping that shares information among different areas of an organization.TrueFalseTRUE ERP is intended to facilitate consistent decision-making across the organization. 36. Back flushing takes place after the production has been completed.TrueFalseTRUE Records are updated based on end-item production. 37. Before a schedule receipt can take place, and order must be placed with a vendor.TrueFalseTRUE A scheduled receipt is an order that has already been placed. 38. MRP really doesn't apply to services since raw material isn't required.TrueFalseFALSE MRP can be used in services. 39. ERP implementation requires support and a direct mandate from the CEO because it impacts so many different functional areas.TrueFalseTRUE ERP implementation is an organization-wide initiative. 40. ERP automates the tasks involved in performing a business process, such as order fulfillment and financial reporting.TrueFalseTRUE ERP extends beyond purchasing and materials management. 41. Which of the following most closely describes dependent demand?A. demand generated by suppliersB. estimates of demand using regression analysis of independent variablesC. erived demandD. demands placed on suppliers by their customersE. net material requirementsC 42. ERP implementation probably won't require:A. cross functional teamsB. just a few weeks to installC. intensive trainingD. high funding for both initial cost and maintenanceE. frequent upgrades after installationB 43. A computer-based information system designed to handle ordering and scheduling of dependent-demand inventories is:A. computer aided manufacturing (CAM)B. computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)C. economic order quantity (EOQ)D. material requirements planning (MRP)E. conomic run size (ERS)D 44. The development and application of MRP depended upon two developments: (1) the recognition of the difference between independent and dependent demand, and (2):A. computersB. development of the EOQ modelC. inventory control systemsD. blanket purchase ordersE. the internetA 45. The output of MRP is:A. gross requirementsB. net requirementsC. a schedule of requirements for all parts and end itemsD. inventory reorder pointsE. economic order quantities and reorder pointsC 46. Which one of the following is not an input in an MRP system?A. planned-order schedulesB. bill of materialsC. master production scheduleD. inventory recordsE. All are inputs.A 47. The MRP input stating which end items are to be produced, when they are needed, and what quantities are needed, is the:A. master scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartA 48. In an MRP master schedule, the planning horizon is often separated into a series of times periods called:A. peggingB. lead timesC. stacked lead timesD. time bucketsE. firm, fixed and frozenD 49. The MRP input listing the assemblies, subassemblies, parts, and raw aterials needed to produce one unit of finished product is the:A. master production scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartB 50. A visual depiction of the subassemblies and components that are needed to produce and/or assemble a product is called a(n):A. assembly time chartB. product structure treeC. MRP IID. peggingE. Gantt chartB 51. The MRP input storing information on the status of each item by time period (e. g. , scheduled receipts, lead time, lot size) is the:A. master production scheduleB. bill-of-materialsC. inventory-recordsD. assembly-time chartE. net-requirements chartC 52. Which one of the following most closely describes net material requirements?A. gross requirements – amount on-hand – scheduled receiptsB. gross requirements – planned receiptsC. gross requirements – order releases + amount on-handD. gross requirements – planned order releasesE. gross requirements – amount on-hand + planned order releasesA 53. In MRP, â€Å"scheduled receipts† are:A. identical to â€Å"planned-order receipts†B. identical to â€Å"planned-order releases†C. open orders (that is, ordered before the first time bucket, but not delivered yet)D. net requirements†E. available to promise inventoryC 54. In MRP, under lot-for-lot ordering, â€Å"planned-order receipts† are:A. identical to â€Å"scheduled receipts†B. identical to â€Å"planned-order releases†C. open orders (that is, ordered before the first time bucket, but not delivered yet)D. â€Å"gross requirements†E. available to promise inventoryB 55. Under lot-for-lot, order sizes for component parts are essentially determined directly from which one of the following?A. gross requirementsB. net requirementsC. economic order quantityD. gross requirements – net requirementsE. net requirements – amount on-handB 56. In MRP, the gross requirements of a given component part are calculated from:A. net requirements + amount on-hand.B. gross requirements of the immediate parent.C. planned orders of the end item.D. net requirements of end item.E. planned orders of the immediate parent.E 57. The identification of parent items is called:A. PaternityB. PeggingC. Requirement I. D.D. Relationship trackingE. Master SchedulingB 58. Periodic updating of an MRP system to account for all changes which have occurred within a given time interval is called:A. peggingB. planned order releaseC. et changeD. regenerativeE. exception reportD 59. An MRP system whose records are updated continuously is referred to as a(n):A. regenerative systemB. batch-type systemC. Plossl-Wright systemD. net-change systemE. gross-change systemD 60. Which is true of a net-change system?A. It is a batch-type system which is updated periodically.B. It is usually run at the beginning of each month.C. The basic production plan is modified to reflect changes as they occur.D. It is used to authorize the execution of planned orders.E. It indicates the amount and timing of future changes.C 61. Which one of the following most closely describes the MRP approach that is used for components or subassemblies to compensate for variations in lead time?A. peggingB. safety stockC. increased order sizesD. safety timeE. low-level codingD 62.   Which of the following lot sizing methods does not attempt to balance ordering (or setup) and holding costs?A. economic order quantityB. economic run sizeC. lot-for-lotD. part-periodE. all of the aboveC 63.   When MRP II systems include feedback, they are known as:A. MRPIIIB. Enterprise resource planningC. Circular MRPD. Feasible MRPE. Closed Loop MRPE 64. The multiplication process used by MRP to determine lower level requirements is called:A. time-phasingB. peggingC. nettingD. projectingE. explodingE 65.   _______ is choosing how many to order or make.A. Quantity determinationB. Package sizingC. Lot sizingD. GroupingE. AggregationC 66.   Which of the following is not usually necessary in order to have an effective MRP system?A. a computer and softwareB. an accurate bill of materialsC. lot-for-lot orderingD. an up-to-date master scheduleE. integrity of file dataC 67. The _________ of ERP makes it valuable as a strategic planning tool.A. Internet baseB. Rapid Batch capabilityC. Employee focusD. Real-time aspectE. Database structureD 68.   A recent effort to expand the scope of production resource planning by involving other functional areas in the planning process has been:A. material requirements planningB. capacity requirements planningC. manufacturing resources planningD. Just-In-Time planningE. multifunctional relationships planningC 69. Which statement concerning MRP II is false?A. It is basically a computerized system.B. It can handle complex planning and scheduling quickly.C. It involves other functional areas in the production planning process.D. It involves capacity planning.E. It produces a production plan which includes all resources required.E 70. Which of these items would be most likely to have dependent demand?A. Xbox batteriesB. toy trainsC. flowersD. chocolate chip cookiesE. wrist watchesA 71. Which of these products would be most likely to have dependent demand?A. refrigeratorsB. automobile enginesC. televisionsD. browniesE. automobilesB 72. Using the product tree shown, determine the following: SEE IMAGE (A) the quantity of component K that will be needed to assemble 80 units of P, assuming no on-hand inventory of any components exists. B) the quantity of component K needed to assemble 80 units of P, given on-hand inventory of 30 A's, 50 B's and 20 C's. A) [3 Ks per C x 2 Cs per A x 2 As per P] + [2 Ks per B x 5 Bs per P] + [3 Ks per C x 3 Cs per P] = 31 Ks per P. For 80 Ps, a total of 2,480 Ks will be needed. B) With 30 As, 50 Bs and 20 Cs on-hand, K requirements are: [3 Ks per C x 2 Cs per A x (2 As per P – 30 As)] + [2 Ks per B x (5 Bs per P – 50 Bs)] + [3 Ks per C x (3 Cs per P – 20 Cs)]; for 80 Ps, a total of 2,140 Ks will be needed. Feedback: Explode the bill of material. 73. The following is a list of components required to produce one unit of nd item P: P: 2 A's, 3 B's, 3 C's A: 5 M's, 2 R's B: 1 D, 3 N's. C: 1 T, 4 N's M: 1 N Determine the number of N's that will be needed to make 60 P's in each of these cases: (A) There are currently 10 P's on hand. (B) On-hand inventory consists of 15 P's, 10A's, 20 B's, 10 C's, 100 N's, 300 T's, and 200 M's. A) [1 N per M x 5 M per A x 2 A per P] + [3 N per B x 3 B per P] + [4 N per C x 3 C per P] = 31 N per P. For 60 P, N requirements are: [31 N per P x (60 P – 10 OH)] = 1,500 N. B) A total of 945 Ns will be needed. Feedback: Explode the bill of material. 74. Given the following information, construct a product tree diagram and develop a material requirements plan that will lead to 400 units of product P being available at the start of week 7. SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE Feedback: Items C and D must be planned last. 75. Develop a material requirements plan for end item P and its components, given the tree below. Assume that all lead times are one week, and that lot-for-lot ordering is used except for item F, which is ordered in multiples of 400 units. One hundred units of P should be available at the start of week 4 and at the start of week 8. Beginning inventories are: 20 P, 100 A, and 200 F. Scheduled receipts are: 800 F at the start of week 1. SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE All items have zero balances except F, which carries 240 units forward from period 5. Feedback: Item F must be planned last. 76. Given the following data, construct a material requirements plan which will result in 100 units of Parent #1 (P1) at the beginning of week 6, and 200 units of Parent #2 (P2) at the beginning of week 8: SEE IMAGE SEE IMAGE Item A has an on-hand balance of 70 units after week 7, Item B has an on-hand balance of 150 units after week 7, and Item C has an on-hand balance of 1,500 units after week 4. Feedback: C's gross requirements come from planned releases for A and B. 77. End item Alpha's product structure tree and inventory information are as follows: SEE IMAGE (A) If 50 units of Alpha are to be assembled, how many additional units of S will be needed? All parts can be ordered using lot-for-lot ordering, except M, which must be ordered in multiples of 40 units. [Hint: You don't need to do an MRP plan. ] (B) An order for 100 units of Alpha is scheduled to be shipped at the start of week 9. When is the earliest that any particular component must be started so that the order for Alpha will be ready to ship? Hint: You don't need to do an MRP plan. ] A) Gross requirements for S are 200 units, leading to net requirements for S of 100 units. B) Additional units of W will have to be started at the beginning of week 1. Feedback: If 50 units of Alpha are to be assembled, then gross requirements for K will be 50 and gross requirements for M will be 100. Net requirements for K will be 20 and net requirements for M will be 70. K is ordered lot-for-lot, so its net requirements lead to gross requirements for S of 40 units. M is ordered in multiples of 40, so its order quantity of 80 units will lead to gross requirements for S of 160 units. The longest sum of lead times is 8 (Alpha's 2 weeks + H's 4 weeks + W's 2 weeks). This means that additional units of W will have to be started at the beginning of week 1. 78. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE If 17 Ps are needed, and no on-hand inventory exists for any items, how many Cs will be needed?A. 8B. 16C. 136D. 204E. 272E 79. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE If 17 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 10 As, 15 Bs, 20 Cs, 12 Ms, and 5 Ns, how many Cs are needed?A. 48B. 144C. 192D. 212E. 272C 80. Refer to this product-tree: SEE IMAGE. If 40 Ps are needed, and on-hand inventory consists of 15 Ps and 10 each of all other components and subassemblies, how many Cs are needed?A. 340B. 350C. 380D. 400E. 590B 81. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. What is the net requirement for Dark Chocolate Truffles to fill this order?A. 100B. 140C. 150D. 180E. 200C 82. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. When should an order for Carved Chocolate Eggs be released?A. t the start of week 2B. at the start of week 3C. at the start of week 4D. at the start of week 5E. at the start of week 6A 83. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. How many Dark Chocolate Eggs should be ordered?A. 310B. 450C. 500D. 550E. 600A 84. Bunny Helpers, Inc. has just received an order for 100 Deluxe Easter Baskets, which must be ready for delivery at the start of week six. An MRP planner has prepared the following table showing product structure, lead times (orders are lot-for-lot), and quantities on hand: SEE IMAGE Each Deluxe Basket contains two dark chocolate truffles and four carved chocolate eggs; additionally one bottle of Alka-Selzer is included for those who overindulge. If the firm is using a fixed period lot size of two periods, what is the order size for the first order?A. 120B. 200C. 280D. 160E. 150B 85. Which of the following represents an attempt to balance the benefits of stability against the benefits of responding to new information?A. safety stockB. safety timeC. bills of materialD. time fencesE. fixed-period lot sizingD 86. Comparing known and expected capacity requirements with projected capacity availability is the job of _______.A. planned releasesB. load reportsC. lot sizingD. work loadingE. time fencingB 87.   ERP's primary value comes from applications ________.A. deploymentB. developmentC. interfacesD. integrationE. networkingD 88.  Net requirements for component J are as follows: 60 units in week 2, 40 units in week 3, and 60 units in week 5. If a fixed-period, two-period lot-sizing method is used, what will be the quantity of the first planned receipt?A. 60 unitsB. 120 unitsC. 180 unitsD. Cannot be determinedE. None of the aboveE 89. Net requirements for component J are as follows: 60 units in week 2, 40 units in week 3, and 60 units in week 5. If a fixed-period, three-period lot-sizing method is used, what will be the quantity of the first planned receipt?A. 60B. 100C. 160D. Cannot be determinedE. None of the aboveB

Essay on How Challenging Is the Common Core Standards for...

The purpose of this study was to determine how challenging the common core standard really is for our students by using lexiles to determine its complexity. They added the intra- lexiles which is the mean sentence length (msl) and the mean log word frequency (mlwf) to determine exactly how difficult it may be. Lexiles is a readability formula that was designed electronically to calculate a student’s MSL and MLWF. Using this formula they was able to make an assumption that if a student uses short sentences and simple words they do not understand the material. Where as if a student who writes longer sentences and uses bigger words understands the material very well. Students MSL and MLWF was then added on a scale ranging from 0 to 2000, with†¦show more content†¦Even though Elfrieda Hiebert didn’t specifically state how she analysize her information you can easily say that she used the analysis of variance route. In her study, she used a certain procedure that added two components to the lexiles for each grade level and was able to give a broader scale of difficulty on the text and she compared it to the scale that was already used by the CCSS to show that there is a significant difference in level of difficulty when you factor in all components. After reading her study, I find myself wanting to research more on how the CCSS is grading our students on a scale that doesn’t factor in all the components and sticking them on a scale that is only predetermined by assumption. To assume that a student doesn’t understand the material simply because they wrote a short sentence baffles me. I also disagree with the fact that the CCSS/ ELA do not allow any room for error. With no room for error they are expecting students to be on point in regards to being at a certain level at a certain time. My understanding of this allows me to believe the way the complexity is determined can allow for numerous of failures because no child learns at the same and is on the same level at a given time. If the CCSS is basically grading on the level of assumptions for the ELA are they doing the same for the mathematics? I agree with having the common coreShow MoreRelatedThe Common Core State Standards Asking Too Much Of Elementary Children?1080 Words   |  5 PagesAre the Common Core State Standards Asking Too Much of Elementary Children? When many people think of elementary education, they think of reading small passages and learning the difference between addition and subtraction in easy, creative ways. Now, with the new Common Core State Standards implemented, today’s kids will have more things to worry about. They are asked more challenging questions and expected to have more rigorous answers. 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Argumentative Essay On Abortion - 924 Words

Substance abuse with pregnant women is a situation that is being ignored in the United States. There are many pregnant woman in the United States who are abusing illegal substances without any prosecution. Allowing these women to do so causes major defects on the babies and the mothers get no serious punishment for their actions. This issue is similar to the argument on whether abortion should be legal or not, because both situations can kill the baby while it’s still in the womb. Women who use drugs while pregnant should be tried for child abuse. First of all, taking drugs while pregnant can lead to irreversible birth defects or even death. It is said by the National Institute on Drug Abuse that smoking tobacco or marijuana, taking†¦show more content†¦This Tennessee Fatal Assault Law offers these women two choices: serving time in jail or joining a rehab program. These women are given the choice of getting better, but it is hard for addicts to control their behavior . This is the closest it has gotten so far to give these women any sort of punishment. Rewire News claims that Medical experts are opposing criminalizing pregnant women who do illegal drugs because it can discourage women who do from seeking prenatal care, or even encourage them to abort a wanted pregnancy rather than take the chance of prosecution. It’s said by NIDA that, â€Å"Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes a person to compulsively seek out drugs, despite the harm they cause.† This compares addiction to a disease, which is not an easy thing to get rid of. These women should be scared to be prosecuted, pregnant or not, when they are using illegal drugs. Something to also consider is that these women who use these drugs weren’t addicted before they tried them. They had a choice to not even try it when they know beforehand that it is an illegal substance and how it could harm their health. People in the United States have strong feelings about t he life of a new born baby. For most people, having children is the best thing that has ever happened to them. When absorbing the image of the effects on the baby when a pregnant woman uses illegal drugs, it is heartbreaking. It is similar to theShow MoreRelatedAbortion Argumentative Essay : Abortion934 Words   |  4 PagesJensen English April 29, 2014 Abortion Argumentative Essay On average about 41.6 million unborn children are aborted every year. Abortion is killing an unborn baby and it should be illegal. Abortion is wrong because it supports irresponsibility by parents. It gives the unborn children no choice or opportunity at life. In addition, instead of abortion, parents could put up the child for adoption, benefiting people that cannot have children of their own. 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Supply Shocks A Common Phenomenon - 1661 Words

Supply shocks are a common phenomenon in the market situations. It is an event whereby there is a sudden change of service and goods prices due to an instant change in the supply function of the market. Supply shocks exist in two forms; negative supply shock and positive supply shock. The two types of supply shocks lead to the effect on the equilibrium price. Negative supply shocks involve the sudden decrease in supply and the instant increase in price of commodity. The end result of the negative supply shocks involve the stagflation of the market whereby output falls with raising prices. Positive supply shocks involve an increase in the supply of a commodity (Lewis Mizen 2000). The essay aims at analyzing and describing the role of supply shocks in models of optimal discretionary monetary policy and reflecting on the application of the shocks to help central bankers in the financial crisis of 2007 to 2008. Optimal Discretionary Monetary Policies Optimal discretionary policies are initiatives that aim at improving the net worth of a market or economic situation. The optimal discretionary monetary policies are policies that ensure that there are monetary advantages within the market through ensuring that the money supply is favourable for handling of various tasks (Barro Gordon 1983). The discretionary monetary policies are therefore aimed at initiating and developing money supply control measures through the policies models (Romer Romer 2004). The models for theShow MoreRelatedInternational Capital Flow Directly Depends On A Country s Financial Situation And Level Of Development1741 Words   |  7 Pagessunk costs, which are defined here as fixedcosts that must be paid before the realization of a random shock (Grossman and Razin, 1985). 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Lindsay (2008) reports that food is in short supply every year because there is notRead MoreDescription Key Terms Of The Movement Of Blood Through The Body Via Veins And Arteries1756 Words   |  8 Pagesleaving the intestinal area and circulating to the liver first before entering the rest of the body †¢ Hypertension: high blood pressure 140/90 mmHg †¢ Hypotension: low blood pressure 100/60 mmHg Hypoxia: decrease oxygen supply to cells and tissues †¢ Ischemia: decreased blood supply to cells and tissue †¢ Murmur: abnormal sound created by blood flowing through heart when valves are not closed or if abnormal opening in atria or ventricle are present †¢ Myocardium: heart muscle, responsible for pumpingRead MoreThe Underlying Assumptions For Consumer Sovereignty Theory1701 Words   |  7 Pagesvaccination and therefore must be protected from their ignorance of poor choice. In paternalism, the consumer does not have information that the rule maker has and this undermines the consumer sovereignty as the consumer cannot make the decision. The more common information problem is the information gap between a consumer and the healthcare provider. Generally speaking, there are many important areas of specialized knowledge involved in seeking healthcare which is not involved in seeking some other good

Strategic Information Systems Planning †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information Systems Planning. Answer: Introduction The success of the business process depends very much upon the accounting processes. The reason behind it is this process basically brings much ease by the use of the accounting software. The use of the accounting software for various kinds of accounting process varies from industry to industry and irrespective of the business types there has been the software that produces the specific accounting information system with respect to the business types. On the whole, the use of the accounting software packages enables the business types to get through all the accounting records with quite an ease. In accordance to that, it helps the business in maintaining the proper data track record including all the automated data entry, accounts payable as well as receivable flow, costs maintenance level, longevity as well as comprehensive of the business, accounting software, bookkeeping and security level. Thus this paper is prepared to keep in mind the details of the accounting organization in A ustralia. In addition, there will also be the description of the specific accounting software packages used by the company. For that, the report had selected the use of adoption as well as the growth of the accounting software packages by the leading company like Mazars. In that context, the company acquires the use of the software packages that provides proper assistance to the clients which in later conditions help in managing their accounting affairs. This will further help in attaining the optimal outcome in relation to the various new ways regarding the tax representation, tax planning and tax consulting. Thus the paper will describe how the use of the accounting software will add on the generation of value to the firm as well as its clients with the delivery of proper professional services. The professional expertise in this matter will result in the development of the strategic processes. The strategic process engrosses the development of goal-oriented winning along with the strengthening of self-belief and mindset. Thus the paper is prepared to describe in detail the development carried out by the company with respect to the clients, investors, individuals and many other businesses for various kinds of accounting processes. The company that has been considered for the description of the accounting software packages in Australia is the MAZARS. It is the organization that brings out the delivery of best accounting services to various business organizations across the Australian market. In addition, the company is already having its deep route reputation in the Australian market from since 25 years. Thus it has been seen from various evidence that the company is quite well known in the Australian market as well as in abroad for its efficient auditing and advisory services. Most of the big companies go for choosing for the services from MAZARS to bring integrity to their company (Akhgar, Parvin Sherkat, 2014). In that context, the major advantage for which the company is gaining success in the competitive market is the presence of a specific organizational structure which enables the fulfillment of the responsibilities of all the employees equally. With the formation efficient structure, the company provid es employment for almost 18000 skilled professionals that are serving in almost 79 countries. In that structure, the company maintains the process by which the higher management can have proper look over all the processes in detail starting from top officials to the customers, clients and the employees on a regular basis. For that reason, the effectiveness of this accounting enhances very smoothly by providing the customer's active services which result in effective outcomes with due course of time. More specifically it helps in sharing values to the clients (Al-Hashedi, et al., 2014, November). Thus paper involves the key insights regarding the companys provision of various practical solutions which with time affects the effectiveness of the resources as well as the experience of the organization. The above section provides the clear view regarding the organization running successfully in the Australian market. More specifically the above section also delivers the basic idea that though the company with a proper hierarchical structure still the structure follows the process in such manner that the higher officials can pay proper attention above the ongoing activities of the all the employees as well as the needs and demands of the customers. In that case, there have been the business researchers basically think that such lose control or kind of flat structure can affect its business structure (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi Talaei-Khoei, 2013). In addition to that, there has been a big threatening to the morale as well as the matter of respect to the employees as per the market researchers. But the ongoing hierarchical, as well as flat structure let the managers handle its employees through the introduction of many innovative processes as the situation demands. In that case, the additi on of more motivational activities will result in the growth of the business in the Australia market (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi Talaei-Khoei, 2013). The company basically uses the system acquisition method to make the enhancement of the companys growth in the Australian market. For that reason, the company came to a point by which they decided the use of the custom developed software is quite better for use which can enable the growth of the economy of the country. It is because this process works with quite specificity. Thus by ongoing with that process the company owns its software to the proper completion of the process. (Amrollahi, Ghapanchi Talaei-Khoei, 2013) In addition, as the company owns its software so the company also takes care of its programming processes as well as the setup programming by their own. Due to this reason the company provides employment to various programmers as well as analysts which make the ERP as the best-used software for the company. And for that reason, the use of ERP or the custom based software will enable the fruitful system acquisition by MAZARS. As per the details provided regarding the organization in the above section, there has been the presentation of the flowchart which will provide a clear description of the business processes of MAZARS in the Australian market. It is because the flow chart will provide the clear understanding of the product selling in the market which is an essential part in terms of the success of any organization (Hovelja Vasilecas, 2013). Basing upon that the sales also provides the establishment of linkage in between the retailers as well as the customers which make the market of Australia more competitive. Thus from every aspect, it can be said that the sales person becomes the medium link that joins the every part and plays a vital part in completing the whole process with accuracy. MAZARS would have the concerns and issues related to fraud in the processes of the company. Requisite measures and actions are required to be executed depending upon the location, organizational size and structuring of the organization. The management of MAZARS should incorporate and heighten the security and confidentiality features of the process of eth organization so as to prevent any security breach or fraud taking place. This will allow and provide the employees as well as other employees to look forward for reporting about any occurrence of fraud in the company. The fraud or the breach in the confidential or private information of the company or the individuals associated with the company can be evaluated through three categories (Koech, Gichunge Thuo, 2016). The fraud or breach in the information security can be done through asset corruption, asset misappropriation and financial statement. These three aspects are very important factors that can pose significant threats to th e Management resources of the company. These three factors can also affect the growth of the organization in a negative way. The breach or fraud in the information system can be controlled by gaining access to certain areas where the breach or leakage can be generated. The breach or security fraud can be prevented and monitored by keeping a keen and careful surveillance and observance on the individuals associated with the company. The organization can also implement certain internal controls by incorporating an employee reporting system in the company (Lo, 2016). Highly experienced experts can also be hired by the company to deal with the breaches and frauds. These experts can also monitor the absenteeism and vacation balance on a regular basis. The implementation of the terms and conditions regarding the corporate culture with transparency can be made to be incorporated in the later stage. This would result in obtaining a control and prevention of the frauds and security breach in the information systems of the company. Mazars is listed to be one of the top accounting firms in the Australian market. The adoption and development of the accounting system package by the company has to be an integrated feature for the successful implementation of the business. The accounting system package would be able to facilitate the technical support for the company which is necessary in the competitive market. The facilitation process of the technical support is complex in nature. It inculcates the Internet as a basic part of the communication, thus incorporating accounting software package would prove to be beneficial and productive. Along with the utilization of the accounting software package, the operation and implementation becomes more convenient for the human resource management of the company (Luse, et al., 2013). The process of the accounting software package will enable the human resource department to work on different functions that would assist during the delivery of training of accounting along with the technical skills to the staff members and new employees. On the other hand, if there will be any issues or concerns in the organization regarding the accounting software, the development of the designing, accounting and information technology systems. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between the process of accounting software and human resource in an organization (Nezakati, Harati Elahi, 2014). Mazars is and established accounting company in Australia which has been serving its clients with high value driven solutions on all scales. The company has been doing well in the global market with providing its auditory and advisory services of its 25 years experience and knowledge. In regards to the reference to the organizations, the usage along with the distribution of the accounting software package has been recognized. The distribution and usage has been undergoing changes for last few years as the market size keeps on changing very frequently. Analyzing the market perspective of the company denotes to occupy 70% of the market share (Nezakati, Harati Elahi, 2014). The current market size is fluctuating and the market differs from country to country. Hence, it can be stated that the process of accounting is a subject matter which makes the process very effective and efficient by the implementation of the audit and tax services depending upon the ever fluctuating global economi c conditions. Moreover, it could be observed through the inculcation of different innovative services like the cloud processing and the data analysis. While working on the analysis of the market, it could be understood that the accounting market for Australia has different kinds of software packages which are implemented by many companies. The most important players in the accounting software package industry are Xero, Intuit, and MYOB (Yang, Pita Singh, 2014). The most important demand of the accounting software relates to the basic reasons regarding the tough competition in eth global market. The introduction of the accounting software packages resulted din removal of the obsolete systems such as bookkeeping along with maintenance of eth records as well as the status of the business to flow of cash. This has also resulted in the acceleration if the acquiring of the accounting software package in the Australian market. The issues related to efficiency and security is arising with the multiple advantages of accounting software package. The lack of security and the high possibilities and loopholes related to the leakage and breaching of private and confidential data is a floating threat to the organization (Pita, Cheong Corbitt, 2013). This is also resulting in losses for the company as tackling with the issues and aftermath is consuming money and energy. Thus, the priority of the organization should be to make the system more efficient and highly secured. Conclusion: The report illustrates the specific aspects of the accounting software package along with the application in the organization. Overall study regarding the market for the software package, analysis of the issues and the development of eth organization through the use of eth accounting software is being represented in the report. References Akhgar, B., Parvin, E.S. and Sherkat, M.H., 2014. Axiomatic agent based architecture for agile decision making in strategic information systems.Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing,5(1), pp.93-104. Al-Hashedi, A.H., Arshad, M.R.H.M., Baharudin, A.S., Mohamed, H.H. and Osman, O., 2014, November. Strategic information systems planning for RFID implementation in Hajj management systems. InInformation Technology and Multimedia (ICIMU), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 146-150). IEEE. Amrollahi, A., Ghapanchi, A.H. and Talaei-Khoei, A., 2013. A systematic literature review on strategic information systems planning: Insights from the past decade.Verified OK. Badewi, A., Mohamad, M., Shehab, E. and Wood-Harper, T., 2015. Business innovation in ERP orchestration theory: multicases from the West and East.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems. Harun, H. and Hashim, M.K., 2017. STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS PLANNING: A REVIEW OF ITS CONCEPT, DEFINITIONS AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.planning,3(2). Hovelja, T. and Vasilecas, O., 2013. A model of influences of environmental stakeholders on strategic information systems planning success in an enterprise.Technological and Economic Development of Economy,19(3), pp.465-488. Koech, D.C., Gichunge, E.M. and Thuo, A., 2016. Factors Influencing Strategic Information Systems Implementation In Government Parastatals: A Case Of Kenya Forest Service, Mau Forest Conservancy.European Scientific Journal,12(15). Lo, J., 2016. Factors Facilitating Strategic Information Systems Innovativeness. Luse, A., Mennecke, B., Townsend, A. and Demarie, S., 2013. Strategic information systems security: definition and theoretical model. Nezakati, H., Harati, A. and Elahi, R., 2014. Effective attributes of successful strategic information systems planning for public organizations in Middle East-preliminary study.Journal of Applied Sciences,14(15), pp.1701-1710. Pita, Z., Cheong, F. and Corbitt, B., 2013. A maturity model of strategic information systems planning (SISP): An empirical evaluation using the analytic network process. InCompetition, Strategy, and Modern Enterprise Information Systems(pp. 277-302). IGI Global. Yang, J., Pita, Z. and Singh, M., 2014. Measurement of Determinants for Enhancing Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) Success and Dynamic Capabilities in South Korea. ACIS

My Antonia By Cather Essays - American Literature, Literature

My Antonia By Cather In the past, critics have ad moralized and/or brutalized every writer they could get their pen on. This is seen from criticisms of Henry Adams to William Butler Yeats. These writers critique everything about the writer and his/her works. For instance many critics criticize Willa Cather's novel, My Antonia. Their criticisms lie on the basis that My Antonia is based on cyclical themes with no structure holding each of the My Antonia's books. In other words, as a collection of five different accounts remembered by the main character, Jim Burden, My Antonia is characterized by a loose plot structure yet the existence of common themes is expressed in a cyclical nature. According to James E. Miller, Jr.'s " 'My Antonia': A Frontier Drama of Time," Willa Cather's novel, My Antonia, is "defective in structure." (Bloom 51) Its structure is basically based on the narrators', which is Cather herself, point of view about when the main character, Jim Burden, remembers specific moments in an abstract pattern in his life about his Antonia. This is so because the collection of books that make up the novel, My Antonia, is about Willa Cather; the narrator's idea of what and to what point Jim Burden remembers. Miller also states that the novel "lacks focus and abounds in irrelevancies." (Wells 1) This is due to the fact that Cather didn't provide and consistent character portrayal throughout her novel. Another critic, Kim Wells, asserts Miller's opinion on the novel. Because as he states the novel has many "variations from a theme." (Wells 1) For instance the section about the hired girls and also the part when Peter and Pavel, two lonesome Russian Settlers, tell Jim and Antonia a tragic tale that horrifies and fascinates the children. This tale was about when Peter and Pavel drove a sled with a bridal couple across dark, snowy Russian country and were attacked by hordes of ravenous wolves, where the wolves killed both the bride and the groom. These examples are "divergences which weaken the overall structure of the novel." (Wells 1) Even though both critics say that the novel has a loose structure, they also state that the only thing that resembles any type of structure is the constant use of cyclical themes. For instance as Miller puts it, " the cycle of the seasons of the year, the cycle of the stages of human life, and the cycle of the cultural phases of civilization." (Bloom 59) In Miller's essay he states that in "The first book of My Antonia, The Shimerdas, introduces from the start the drama of time in the vivid accounts of the shifting seasons...portraying the terrible struggle for mere existence in the bleakness of the plains' winter, dramatizing the return of life with the arrival of spring, and concluding with the promise of a rich harvest in the intense heat of the prairie's summer. This is Jim Burden's remembered year, and it is his obsession with the cycle of time that has caused him to recall Antonia in a setting of the changing seasons." (Miller 55) Book one, "The Shimerda's", introduce the beginning of two cyclical themes. One of which is the cycle of the seasons of the year, which begins in the narrators'/Jims' mind in the autumn when the Shimerdas move to Nebraska, the winter when Mr. Shimerda commits suicide, then spring followed the death of Mr. Shimerda, and finally summer in the cyclical theme of the seasons of the year which created another cyclical pattern within itself. This imbedded cyclical theme is on the stages of life is based on the fact that Antonia moves into adulthood while Jim stays as a child as stated by Kim Wells. (Wells 1) This happens because in the section the hired girls Antonia moves into the city from the farm where she used to live. The movement from a rural to an urban area made Antonia mature quicker so she would be able to survive in the city. While on the other hand Jim leaves the farm to go to college, in which inclosing walls unlike that of Antonia protects him. Then Antonia moves into adulthood with a marriage and birth while Jim is at college toiling on the prospect of adult love with Lena Lingred. Finally, Jim moves into an odd marriage and then goes back to the farm with Antonia and her children. In the novel the reader encounters the impression that Jim is more closely alike to the children in maturity than that of the maturity of Antonia.